A lib agent — Modelo Nativo de Actores (agent, send, receive), KV Store e Rate Limiter

38.1. Por que existe a lib agent? (O problema real e a filosofía Ridgun)

«Por que necesito unha lib agent escrita dende cero en Ridgun puro en vez de enlazar unha librería de C de toda a vida?»

Esa é a primeira pregunta que se fai calquera enxeñeiro de sistemas ao chegar a agent. E a resposta resume toda a filosofía de ridgun-libs:

Sexamos sinceros: compartir memoria mutable entre fíos con Mutex, RwLock e variables de condición é unha fábrica inesgotable de deadlocks e condicións de carreira.

A lib agent aproveita o Modelo Nativo de Axentes de Ridgun (agent, send ... to, receive from, try receive from, stop) para ofrecer caixas de correo illadas con paso de mensaxes Copy-on-Write, un almacén chave-valor concorrente (KvStore), un limitador de taxa por cubo de tokens (RateBucket) e supervisión de estado (AgentHealth).

Nun ecosistema tradicional, resolver as tarefas do dominio AGENT implica arrastrar dependencias externas en C, loitar con punteiros crus, conversións opacas de tipos, excepcións non verificadas ou pausas impredicibles do colector de lixo. En Ridgun, a lib agent (src/main/ridgun/lib/agent.rg) aborda o problema con catro principios innegociables:

1. Declara import agent (ou import agent as alias) ao inicio do ficheiro: cada lib define o seu espazo de nomes module :: agent e en modo --strict as funcións multi-palabra invócanse sempre con espazos naturais.
2. Encadea as túas tubaxes de esquerda a dereita con ->: escribe entrada paso un -> paso dous -> resultado, usa máscaras (+ _ _ +) para desestruturar secuencias e omite _ = en sentenzas secuenciais (ou descarta con -> ()).
3. Recursión de cola con TCO (Tail-Call Optimization): todos os percorridos internos de agent compílanse a bucles nativos en espazo de pila $O(1)$.
4. Memoria determinista (RMM1 / RMM2): cada estrutura intermedia libérase no instante exacto en que remata a súa última lectura, sen Garbage Collector.

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38.2. Artefactos nativos, importación e catálogo completo da API de agent

En ridgun-libs, agent é unha lib de primeira clase situada en src/main/ridgun/lib/agent.rg (dominio AGENT). Ao compilar con stable bundle, empaquétase en tres formatos nativos:

Artefacto	Ruta	Propósito
Bundle Ridgun	target/bundles/agent.rglib	Distribución e importación directa con import agent
Ficheiro compilado	target/agent.rgc	Artefacto intermedio verificado por ridgunc
Obxecto compartido ELF64	target/libagent.so	Biblioteca dinámica nativa sen dependencias de C nin libc

Cada lib declara o seu propio espazo de nomes con module :: agent: abonda con escribir import agent (ou import agent as alias) na cabeceira e chamar ás súas funcións con espazos naturais (mina funcion x) e tubaxes -> (x mina funcion -> resultado).

38.2.1. Resumo de familias funcionais de agent

Sinatura / Función / Tipo	Que fai e cando usala
agent roundtrip / agent drain count	Lanza actores nativos (agent), intercambia mensaxes (send ... to / receive from) e executa stop
kv store new / kv store apply	Almacén chave-valor inmutable para actores (KvPut, KvGet, KvDelete, KvClear)
rate bucket new / rate bucket allow	Limitador de taxa por cubo de tokens que devolve o cubo actualizado e (allowed, remaining)
sup mark failed / sup should restart	Políticas de supervisión con control de orzamento de reinicios (max_restarts)

38.2.2. Catálogo exhaustivo de tipos e sinaturas en src/main/ridgun/lib/agent.rg

A continuación tes o inventario completo de tipos alxébricos (type), operadores (op ::) e sinaturas de funcións (fn ::) definidos en src/main/ridgun/lib/agent.rg (7 tipos, 0 operadores e 65 funcións):

Tipos alxébricos e rexistros (type) de agent:

type AgentStatus = AgentRunning | AgentStopped | AgentTimedOut Int | AgentFailed String
type AgentReply  = ReplyInt Int | ReplyStr String | ReplyBool Bool | ReplyEmpty | ReplyStopped | ReplyTimeout Int | ReplyError String
type CounterState = cnt_val: Int
type KvCmd        = KvPut String String | KvGet String | KvDel String | KvHas String | KvCount | KvKeys | KvClear
type KvEntry      = kv_k: String, kv_v: String
type KvState      = kv_size: Int, kv_items: [KvEntry]
type LogState     = log_sep: String, log_buf: String

#	Función / Sinatura (fn ::)	Tipo de Retorno
1	fn :: format agent status AgentStatus	String
2	fn :: format agent reply AgentReply	String
3	fn :: is agent alive (Agent A B)	Bool
4	fn :: agent status (Agent A B)	AgentStatus
5	fn :: stop agent (Agent A B)	AgentStatus
6	fn :: agent stop all [Agent]	()
7	fn :: agent ask Agent A	B
8	fn :: agent try ask Agent A	Option
9	fn :: agent send batch Agent [A]	()
10	fn :: agent receive count Agent Int	[B]
11	fn :: agent receive count loop Agent Int [B]	[B]
12	fn :: agent map batch Agent [A]	[B]
13	fn :: agent list len [A] Int	Int
14	fn :: agent drain ready Agent	[B]
15	fn :: agent drain ready loop Agent [B]	[B]
16	fn :: agent drain step Agent Option [B]	[B]
17	fn :: ag cast opt A	B
18	fn :: ag unwrap try int (Option Int)	AgentReply
19	fn :: ag unwrap try str (Option String)	AgentReply
20	fn :: ask int (Agent Int Int) Int	AgentReply
21	fn :: ask str (Agent String String) String	AgentReply
22	fn :: try poll int (Agent A Int)	AgentReply
23	fn :: try poll str (Agent A String)	AgentReply
24	fn :: ag poll int step (Agent Int Int) (Option Int) Int Int	AgentReply
25	fn :: ag wait int loop (Agent Int Int) Int Int	AgentReply
26	fn :: ask int with timeout (Agent Int Int) Int Int	AgentReply
27	fn :: ag poll str step (Agent String String) (Option String) Int Int	AgentReply
28	fn :: ag wait str loop (Agent String String) Int Int	AgentReply
29	fn :: ask str with timeout (Agent String String) String Int	AgentReply
30	fn :: ask batch int (Agent Int Int) [Int]	[Int]
31	fn :: ask batch str (Agent String String) [String]	[String]
32	fn :: relay int (Agent Int Int) (Agent Int Int) Int	AgentReply
33	fn :: relay str (Agent String String) (Agent String String) String	AgentReply
34	fn :: ag counter step CounterState Int	CounterState Int
35	fn :: new counter agent Int	Agent Int Int
36	fn :: counter add (Agent Int Int) Int	Int
37	fn :: counter get (Agent Int Int)	Int
38	fn :: counter reset (Agent Int Int)	Int
39	fn :: ag log join String String String	String
40	fn :: ag log step LogState String	LogState String
41	fn :: new log agent String	Agent String String
42	fn :: log append (Agent String String) String	String
43	fn :: log read (Agent String String)	String
44	fn :: log clear (Agent String String)	String
45	fn :: ag kv lookup [KvEntry] String	String
46	fn :: ag kv exists [KvEntry] String	Bool
47	fn :: ag kv put list [KvEntry] String String	[KvEntry]
48	fn :: ag kv del list [KvEntry] String	[KvEntry]
49	fn :: ag kv len [KvEntry]	Int
50	fn :: ag kv keys join String String	String
51	fn :: ag kv keys str [KvEntry]	String
52	fn :: ag kv has str Bool	String
53	fn :: ag kv next state KvState KvCmd	KvState
54	fn :: ag kv next reply KvState KvCmd	String
55	fn :: ag kv step KvState KvCmd	KvState String
56	fn :: new kv agent	Agent KvCmd String
57	fn :: ag kv call (Agent KvCmd String) KvCmd	String
58	fn :: kv put (Agent KvCmd String) String String	String
59	fn :: kv get (Agent KvCmd String) String	String
60	fn :: kv delete (Agent KvCmd String) String	String
61	fn :: kv has (Agent KvCmd String) String	Bool
62	fn :: ag parse int String	Int
63	fn :: kv count (Agent KvCmd String)	Int
64	fn :: kv keys (Agent KvCmd String)	String
65	fn :: kv clear (Agent KvCmd String)	String

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38.3. Explorando agent a fondo: Exemplos paso a paso de cada funcionalidade

Non abonda con ver a táboa de sinaturas: imos explorar cada unha das funcionalidades da lib agent mediante exemplos progresivos e executables en Ridgun. Comezaremos polas dúas receitas tabulares de uso cotián e despois percorreremos en detalle todos os escenarios funcionais, transformacións e casos límite verificados en src/test/ridgun/test agent.rg.

38.3.1. Exemplo 1: Fluxo principal en estilo tabular con agent

Observa como en Ridgun os signos = e os pasos de transformación con agent quedan aliñados coma unha táboa limpa, sen variables mutables innecesarias nin efectos laterais ocultos:

import agent

fn :: probar contador actor => Int Int
      probar contador actor =
        10 new counter agent -> ag
        counter add ag 32 -> v1
        ag counter get -> v2
        ag stop agent -> ()
        (v1, v2)

38.3.2. Exemplo 2: Composición segura e manexo de casos de bordo

Toda función da lib agent está deseñada para compoñerse con gardas booleanas | e co resto das 32 libs de ridgun-libs:

import agent

fn :: consultar almacen kv => String Int
      consultar almacen kv =
        new kv agent -> kv
        kv put kv "modo" "produccion" -> ()
        kv get kv "modo" -> modo
        kv count kv -> total
        kv stop agent -> ()
        (modo, total)

38.3.3. Exemplo 3: Combinadores de actores (agent ask, try ask, send batch, map batch, drain ready), pools particionados e reactor de conexións

Neste exemplo práctico exploramos de forma exhaustiva como se comporta agent neste bloque funcional, incluíndo entradas estándar, combinacións de parámetros e valores fronteira:

fn :: test spec combinators pool and net agent => ()
      test spec combinators pool and net agent =
        w1 = agent (ag double worker)
        assert int equals (agent ask w1 21) 42 "agent ask 21 -> 42"
        mb = agent map batch w1 [3, 5, 7]
        assert int equals (ag sum ints mb) 30 "agent map batch [3,5,7] -> [6,10,14] sum 30"
        agent send batch w1 [10, 20] -> ()
        rc = agent receive count w1 2
        assert int equals (ag sum ints rc) 60 "agent send batch + agent receive count -> 60"
        c_dr = new counter agent 100
        send 5 to c_dr
        send 10 to c_dr
        dr = agent drain ready c_dr
        assert int equals (ag sum ints dr) 220 "agent drain ready [105, 115] -> 220"
        agent stop all [w1, c_dr] -> ()
        assert false (is agent alive w1) "w1 stopped by agent stop all"
        assert false (is agent alive c_dr) "c_dr stopped by agent stop all"

        s0 = new counter agent 0
        s1 = new counter agent 1000
        pl = Pool 2 [s0, s1]
        assert int equals (pool size pl) 2 "pool size 2"
        assert int equals (pool ask shard pl 0 5) 5 "pool ask shard 0 -> 5"
        assert int equals (pool ask shard pl 1 7) 1007 "pool ask shard 1 -> 1007"
        assert int equals (pool ask shard pl (0 - 3) 3) 1010 "pool ask shard negative key -> shard 1"
        pool broadcast pl 10 -> ()
        all_dr = pool drain all pl
        assert int equals (ag sum ints all_dr) 1035 "pool drain all [15, 1020] -> 1035"
        pool shutdown pl -> ()
        assert false (is agent alive s0) "pool s0 stopped"
        assert false (is agent alive s1) "pool s1 stopped"

        ca = agent (ag echo conn step) (CounterState 0)
        cb = agent (ag echo conn step) (CounterState 0)
        s_eof = conn feed payload (0 - 1) ca ""
        s_err = conn handle event (0 - 1) cb 8
        kept  = reactor sweep next s_eof (reactor sweep next s_err [])
        assert int equals (agent list len kept 0) 0 "reactor sweep next prunes closed slots"
        assert false (is agent alive ca) "ca stopped on EOF"
        assert false (is agent alive cb) "cb stopped on POLLERR"
        cc = agent (ag echo conn step) (CounterState 0)
        reactor shutdown [ConnSlot (0 - 1) cc] -> ()
        assert false (is agent alive cc) "cc stopped on reactor shutdown"

38.3.4. Exemplo 4: Ciclo de vida de axentes (is agent alive, agent status, stop agent) e axente contador con estado illado (new counter agent)

Neste exemplo práctico exploramos de forma exhaustiva como se comporta agent neste bloque funcional, incluíndo entradas estándar, combinacións de parámetros e valores fronteira:

fn :: test agent lifecycle and counter => ()
      test agent lifecycle and counter =
        assert str eq (format agent status AgentRunning) "running" "format AgentRunning"
        assert str eq (format agent status AgentStopped) "stopped" "format AgentStopped"
        assert str eq (format agent status (AgentTimedOut 250)) "timeout after 250 ms" "format AgentTimedOut"
        assert str eq (format agent status (AgentFailed "boom")) "failed: boom" "format AgentFailed"
        assert str eq (format agent reply (ReplyInt 42)) "42" "format ReplyInt"
        assert str eq (format agent reply (ReplyStr "ok")) "ok" "format ReplyStr"
        assert str eq (format agent reply (ReplyBool True)) "true" "format ReplyBool True"
        assert str eq (format agent reply (ReplyBool False)) "false" "format ReplyBool False"
        assert str eq (format agent reply ReplyEmpty) "agent outbox empty" "format ReplyEmpty"
        assert str eq (format agent reply ReplyStopped) "agent stopped" "format ReplyStopped"
        assert str eq (format agent reply (ReplyTimeout 50)) "agent timeout after 50 ms" "format ReplyTimeout"
        assert str eq (format agent reply (ReplyError "bad")) "agent error: bad" "format ReplyError"

        c   = new counter agent 10
        assert ok (is agent alive c)
        assert str eq (format agent status (agent status c)) "running" "counter running"
        assert str eq (format agent reply (try poll int c)) "agent outbox empty" "empty outbox before send"
        assert eq (counter get c) 10
        assert eq (counter add c 5) 15
        assert eq (counter add c 7) 22
        assert str eq (format agent reply (ask int c 8)) "30" "ask int 8 -> 30"
        assert str eq (format agent reply (ask int with timeout c 12 200)) "42" "ask int with timeout -> 42"
        assert eq (counter reset c) 0
        assert eq (counter get c) 0
        bs  = ask batch int c [1, 2, 3, 4]
        assert eq (ag sum ints bs) 20

        c2  = new counter agent 100
        rel = relay int c c2 5
        assert str eq (format agent reply rel) "115" "relay int c (10+5=15) -> c2 (100+15=115)"

        st1 = stop agent c
        assert str eq (format agent status st1) "stopped" "stop agent returns AgentStopped"
        assert eq (is agent alive c) False
        assert str eq (format agent status (agent status c)) "stopped" "agent status after stop"
        assert str eq (format agent reply (ask int c 1)) "agent stopped" "ask int after stop"
        assert str eq (format agent reply (try poll int c)) "agent stopped" "try poll int after stop"
        assert str eq (format agent reply (ask int with timeout c 1 50)) "agent stopped" "ask int with timeout after stop"
        assert str eq (format agent reply (relay int c c2 1)) "agent stopped" "relay int after stop"
        c0  = new counter agent 0
        assert int equals (counter get c0) 0 "counter 0 initial"
        assert int equals (counter add c0 3) 3 "counter 0 add 3"
        stop agent c0
        stop agent c2
        assert eq (is agent alive c2) False

38.3.5. Exemplo 5: Axente de bitácora append-only (new log agent) e almacén clave-valor en memoria por paso de mensaxes (new kv agent)

Neste exemplo práctico exploramos de forma exhaustiva como se comporta agent neste bloque funcional, incluíndo entradas estándar, combinacións de parámetros e valores fronteira:

fn :: test log and kv agents => ()
      test log and kv agents =
        lg  = new log agent "\n"
        assert ok (is agent alive lg)
        assert str eq (format agent reply (try poll str lg)) "agent outbox empty" "log empty outbox"
        assert str eq (log read lg) "" "initial log empty"
        assert str eq (log append lg "alpha") "alpha" "log append alpha"
        assert str eq (log append lg "beta") "alpha\nbeta" "log append beta"
        assert str eq (format agent reply (ask str with timeout lg "gamma" 200)) "alpha\nbeta\ngamma" "ask str with timeout gamma"
        assert str eq (log read lg) "alpha\nbeta\ngamma" "log read"
        assert str eq (log clear lg) "" "log clear"
        assert str eq (log read lg) "" "log read after clear"
        b   = ask batch str lg ["one", "two"]
        assert str eq (ag join strs b) "one|one\ntwo" "ask batch str"
        lg2 = new log agent ":"
        assert str eq (format agent reply (relay str lg lg2 "three")) "one\ntwo\nthree" "relay str"
        stop agent lg
        stop agent lg2
        assert str eq (format agent reply (ask str lg "x")) "agent stopped" "ask str after stop"

        kv  = new kv agent
        assert ok (is agent alive kv)
        assert int equals (kv count kv) 0 "kv count 0"
        assert false (kv has kv "host") "kv has host false"
        assert str eq (kv put kv "host" "127.0.0.1") "127.0.0.1" "kv put host"
        assert str eq (kv put kv "port" "8080") "8080" "kv put port"
        assert int equals (kv count kv) 2 "kv count 2"
        assert ok (kv has kv "host")
        assert ok (kv has kv "port")
        assert str eq (kv get kv "host") "127.0.0.1" "kv get host"
        assert str eq (kv get kv "port") "8080" "kv get port"
        assert str eq (kv keys kv) "host,port" "kv keys"
        assert str eq (kv put kv "port" "9090") "9090" "kv overwrite port"
        assert str eq (kv get kv "port") "9090" "kv get updated port"
        assert int equals (kv count kv) 2 "kv count after overwrite"
        assert str eq (kv delete kv "host") "127.0.0.1" "kv delete host"
        assert false (kv has kv "host") "kv has host after delete"
        assert int equals (kv count kv) 1 "kv count 1"
        assert str eq (kv clear kv) "" "kv clear"
        assert int equals (kv count kv) 0 "kv count after clear"
        stop agent kv
        assert false (is agent alive kv) "kv stopped"

---

38.4. Baixo o capó: como está construída agent en Ridgun puro (src/main/ridgun/lib/agent.rg)

Unha das maiores vantaxes de ridgun-libs é que non hai caixas negras en C. Podes abrir src/main/ridgun/lib/agent.rg e ler exactamente como está implementada cada operación usando pattern matching, árbores de gardas | / |. e recursión de cola (TCO). Vexamos as pezas clave da súa implementación real:

38.4.1. Implementación interna: Status & Reply Formatting

Fíxate en como agent.rg estrutura as sinaturas fn :: ... => ... primeiro e resolve cada caso mediante ecuacións aliñadas e chamadas de cola:

module :: agent

fn :: format agent status AgentStatus        => String
      format agent status AgentRunning       =  "running"
      format agent status AgentStopped       =  "stopped"
      format agent status (AgentTimedOut ms) =  "timeout after {ms} ms"
      format agent status (AgentFailed   msg) = "failed: {msg}"

fn :: format agent reply AgentReply        => String
      format agent reply (ReplyInt     n)  =  int to str n
      format agent reply (ReplyStr     s)  =  s
      format agent reply (ReplyBool True)  =  "true"
      format agent reply (ReplyBool False) =  "false"
      format agent reply ReplyEmpty        =  "agent outbox empty"
      format agent reply ReplyStopped      =  "agent stopped"
      format agent reply (ReplyTimeout ms) =  "agent timeout after {ms} ms"
      format agent reply (ReplyError  msg) =  "agent error: {msg}"

38.4.2. Implementación interna: Core Combinators (agent ask, agent try ask, agent send batch, agent receive count, agent map batch, agent drain ready)

Fíxate en como agent.rg estrutura as sinaturas fn :: ... => ... primeiro e resolve cada caso mediante ecuacións aliñadas e chamadas de cola:

fn :: agent ask Agent A   => B
      agent ask ag    msg =  ask ag msg

fn :: agent try ask Agent A   => Option
      agent try ask ag    msg =
        send msg to ag
        try receive from ag

fn :: agent send batch Agent [A]      => ()
      agent send batch _     []       =  ()
      agent send batch ag    (m:rest) =
        send m to ag
        agent send batch ag rest

fn :: agent receive count Agent Int   => [B]
      agent receive count ag    count =  agent receive count loop ag count []

fn :: agent receive count loop Agent Int [B] => [B]
      agent receive count loop ag count acc
        | count <= 0 = acc
        | otherwise =
          r = receive from ag
          agent receive count loop ag (count - 1) (acc :: [r])

fn :: agent map batch Agent [A]  => [B]
      agent map batch ag    msgs =
        agent list len msgs 0 -> n
        agent send batch ag msgs -> ()
        agent receive count ag n

fn :: agent list len [A]    Int => Int
      agent list len []     acc =  acc
      agent list len (_:xs) acc =  agent list len xs (acc + 1)

fn :: agent drain ready Agent => [B]
      agent drain ready ag    =  agent drain ready loop ag []

fn :: agent drain ready loop Agent [B] => [B]
      agent drain ready loop ag acc =
        agent drain step ag (try receive from ag) acc

fn :: agent drain step Agent Option [B] => [B]
      agent drain step _ None acc = acc
      agent drain step ag (Some r) acc = agent drain ready loop ag (acc :: [r])

38.4.3. Implementación interna: Stateful Counter Agent (new counter agent, counter add, counter get, counter reset)

Fíxate en como agent.rg estrutura as sinaturas fn :: ... => ... primeiro e resolve cada caso mediante ecuacións aliñadas e chamadas de cola:

fn :: ag counter step CounterState Int   => CounterState Int
      ag counter step st           delta =
        | delta == (0 - 999999999) = (CounterState 0, 0)
        | otherwise                =
          nxt = (cnt_val st) + delta
          (CounterState nxt, nxt)

fn :: new counter agent Int  => Agent Int Int
      new counter agent init =  agent (ag counter step) (CounterState init)

fn :: counter add (Agent Int Int) Int   => Int
      counter add ag              delta =
        | not (agent alive ag) = 0
        | otherwise            =
          _ = send delta to ag
          receive from ag

fn :: counter get (Agent Int Int) => Int
      counter get ag              =  counter add ag 0

fn :: counter reset (Agent Int Int) => Int
      counter reset ag              =  counter add ag (0 - 999999999)

38.4.4. Implementación interna: Stateful In-Memory Key-Value Agent (new kv agent, kv put, kv get, kv delete, kv has, kv count, kv keys, kv clear)

Fíxate en como agent.rg estrutura as sinaturas fn :: ... => ... primeiro e resolve cada caso mediante ecuacións aliñadas e chamadas de cola:

fn :: ag kv lookup [KvEntry] String => String
      ag kv lookup []        _      =  ""
      ag kv lookup (e:rest)  key    =
        | (kv_k e) == key = kv_v e
        | otherwise       = ag kv lookup rest key

fn :: ag kv exists [KvEntry] String => Bool
      ag kv exists []        _      =  False
      ag kv exists (e:rest)  key    =
        | (kv_k e) == key = True
        | otherwise       = ag kv exists rest key

fn :: ag kv put list [KvEntry] String String => [KvEntry]
      ag kv put list [] key val = [KvEntry key val]
      ag kv put list (e:rest) key val =
        | (kv_k e) == key = [KvEntry key val] :: rest
        | otherwise       = [e] :: (ag kv put list rest key val)

fn :: ag kv del list [KvEntry] String => [KvEntry]
      ag kv del list [] _ = []
      ag kv del list (e:rest) key =
        | (kv_k e) == key = rest
        | otherwise       = [e] :: (ag kv del list rest key)

fn :: ag kv len [KvEntry] => Int
      ag kv len []        =  0
      ag kv len (_:rest)  =  1 + (ag kv len rest)

fn :: ag kv keys join String String => String
      ag kv keys join k rest_s =
        | (str len rest_s) == 0 = k
        | otherwise             = k + "," + rest_s

fn :: ag kv keys str [KvEntry] => String
      ag kv keys str []        =  ""
      ag kv keys str (e:rest)  =  ag kv keys join (kv_k e) (ag kv keys str rest)

fn :: ag kv has str Bool  => String
      ag kv has str True  =  "1"
      ag kv has str False =  "0"

---

38.5. Garantías algorítmicas, memoria RMM1/RMM2 e as 5 Regras de Ouro de agent

• Garantía algorítmica e de seguridade: Cero memoria mutable compartida entre actores: cada mensaxe transfírese por valor / Copy-on-Write e stop libera a rexión do axente de forma determinista.
• Complexidade de pila $O(1)$ con TCO: Todos os bucles recursivos en src/main/ridgun/lib/agent.rg están en posición de cola, polo que ridgunc os compila a saltos nativos sen crecemento de pila.
• Memoria determinista (RMM1/RMM2): Cero pausas de colector de lixo; todas as estruturas intermedias libéranse de forma determinista ao saír do ámbito.
• Verificación continua: Probada exhaustivamente con stable check e a suite automatizada src/test/ridgun/test agent.rg.

As 5 Regras de Ouro ao programar con agent

1. Declara import agent ao inicio do ficheiro e aproveita a equivalencia entre espazos e guións baixos para que o teu código se lea coma prosa.
2. Aliña as túas tubaxes de datos con =: encadea as chamadas a agent en pasos con nome propio e deixa que stable format aliñe as columnas.
3. Aproveita as funcións totais de agent nas túas gardas |: comproba os valores de retorno ou desenvolve os ADTs con pattern matching en vez de asumir que a entrada externa sempre é válida.
4. Evita copiar grandes estruturas se só necesitas consultar un campo: lembra que en RMM2 os argumentos de entrada non incrementan nin decrementan contadores (+0 / -0).
5. Combina agent con test (import test): escribe sempre asercións con assert equals ou assert true para fixar os invariantes do teu dominio.

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No Capítulo 39 pasaremos a explorar en profundidade a lib pool (A lib pool — Pool Acoutado de Traballadores, Round-Robin e Roubo de Traballo).