21 Il Libro di Ridgun
La lib diff — Algoritmo LCS, Distanza di Modifica, Unified Diff e Patch
21.1. Perché esiste la lib diff? (Il problema reale e la filosofia Ridgun)
«Perché ho bisogno di una lib
diffscritta da zero in Ridgun puro invece di collegare una libreria C tradizionale?»
Questa è la prima domanda che si pone qualsiasi ingegnere di sistema arrivando a diff. E la risposta riassume l'intera filosofia di ridgun-libs:
Siamo sinceri: quando un test fallisce o un file di configurazione cambia, un secco "expected A, got B" di 200 righe ti costringe a consumarti gli occhi per capire quale riga esatta sia cambiata.
La lib diff calcola la Sottosequenza Comune Più Lunga (LCS) su Tensor[Int] 2D per produrre modifiche minime (DiffKeep, DiffAdd, DiffDel), distanza di modifica, statistiche, formato Unified Diff (---/+++/@@) e ricostruzione esatta con diff apply.
In un ecosistema tradizionale, risolvere i compiti del dominio DIFF comporta trascinare dipendenze esterne in C, gestire puntatori grezzi, conversioni opache di tipo, eccezioni non verificate o pause imprevedibili del garbage collector. In Ridgun, la lib diff (src/main/ridgun/lib/diff.rg) affronta il problema con quattro principi non negoziabili:
- Dichiara
import diff(oimport diff as alias) all'inizio del file: ogni lib definisce il proprio spazio dei nomimodule :: diffe in modalità--strictle funzioni multi-parola si invocano sempre con spazi naturali. - Concatena le tue pipeline da sinistra a destra con
->: scriviinput passo uno -> passo due -> risultato, usa le maschere(+ _ _ +)per destrutturare le sequenze e ometti_ =nelle istruzioni sequenziali (o scarta il valore con-> ()). - Ricorsione di coda con TCO (Tail-Call Optimization): tutte le scansioni interne di
diffvengono compilate in cicli nativi in spazio di stack $O(1)$. - Memoria deterministica (
RMM1/RMM2): ogni struttura intermedia viene liberata nell'istante esatto in cui termina la sua ultima lettura, senza Garbage Collector.
21.2. Artefatti nativi, importazione e catalogo completo dell'API di diff
In ridgun-libs, diff è una lib di prima classe situata in src/main/ridgun/lib/diff.rg (dominio DIFF). Compilando con stable bundle, viene impacchettata in tre artefatti nativi:
| Artefatto | Percorso | Scopo |
|---|---|---|
| Bundle Ridgun | target/bundles/diff.rglib | Distribuzione e importazione diretta con import diff |
| File compilato | target/diff.rgc | Artefatto intermedio verificato da ridgunc |
| Oggetto condiviso ELF64 | target/libdiff.so | Libreria dinamica nativa senza dipendenze C né libc |
Ogni lib dichiara il proprio spazio dei nomi con
module :: diff: basta scrivereimport diff(oimport diff as alias) nell'intestazione e invocare le sue funzioni con spazi naturali (mia funzione x) e pipeline->(x mia funzione -> risultato).
21.2.1. Riepilogo delle famiglie funzionali di diff
| Firma / Funzione / Tipo | Cosa fa e quando usarla |
|---|---|
type DiffOp | `DiffKeep String |
diff lines / diff text | Calcola lo script minimo di modifica LCS tra liste [String] o testi multilinea |
diff edit distance / diff stats | Distanza minima di inserimento+cancellazione e conteggio (kept, added, deleted) |
diff format / diff unified | Formatta righe compatte + / - / o Unified Diff standard con intestazioni |
diff apply / diff apply text | Ricostruisce il documento di destinazione senza perdite a partire dallo script di modifica |
21.2.2. Catalogo esaustivo dei tipi e delle firme in src/main/ridgun/lib/diff.rg
Di seguito trovi l'inventario completo dei tipi algebrici (type), degli operatori (op ::) e delle firme di funzione (fn ::) definiti in src/main/ridgun/lib/diff.rg (2 tipi, 0 operatori e 33 funzioni):
Tipi algebrici e record (type) di diff:
type DiffEdit = diff_op: String, line_text: String, old_line_no: Int, new_line_no: Int
type DiffStats = equal_count: Int, insert_count: Int, delete_count: Int
| # | Funzione / Firma (fn ::) | Tipo di Ritorno |
|---|---|---|
1 | fn :: df max Int Int | Int |
2 | fn :: df int to str pos Int | String |
3 | fn :: df int to str Int | String |
4 | fn :: df rev [String] [String] | [String] |
5 | fn :: df rev ints [Int] [Int] | [Int] |
6 | fn :: df split lines loop String Int Int Int [String] | [String] |
7 | fn :: df split lines String | [String] |
8 | fn :: df zeros Int [Int] | [Int] |
9 | fn :: df nth int [Int] Int | Int |
10 | fn :: df head int [Int] | Int |
11 | fn :: df cell val String String Int Int Int | Int |
12 | fn :: df build row String [String] [Int] Int [Int] | [Int] |
13 | fn :: df build dp [String] [String] [[Int]] | [[Int]] |
14 | fn :: df tail rows [[Int]] | [[Int]] |
15 | fn :: df head row [[Int]] | [Int] |
16 | fn :: df rev edits [DiffEdit] [DiffEdit] | [DiffEdit] |
17 | fn :: df backtrack [String] [String] [[Int]] Int Int Int [DiffEdit] | [DiffEdit] |
18 | fn :: df backtrack step String [String] String [String] [[Int]] Int Int Int [DiffEdit] | [DiffEdit] |
19 | fn :: df backtrack branch String [String] String [String] [[Int]] [[Int]] Int Int Int Int Int [DiffEdit] | [DiffEdit] |
20 | fn :: df list length [String] | Int |
21 | fn :: diff lines [String] [String] | [DiffEdit] |
22 | fn :: diff text String String | [DiffEdit] |
23 | fn :: df stats loop [DiffEdit] Int Int Int | DiffStats |
24 | fn :: diff stats [DiffEdit] | DiffStats |
25 | fn :: diff edit distance String String | Int |
26 | fn :: diff has changes [DiffEdit] | Bool |
27 | fn :: df format unified lines [DiffEdit] String | String |
28 | fn :: df hunk start Int | Int |
29 | fn :: df unified header String String Int Int | String |
30 | fn :: diff unified String String String String | String |
31 | fn :: df apply collect [DiffEdit] [String] | [String] |
32 | fn :: df join lines [String] | String |
33 | fn :: diff apply [DiffEdit] | String |
21.3. Esplorare diff a fondo: Esempi passo dopo passo di ogni funzionalità
Non basta consultare la tabella delle firme: esploreremo ciascuna delle funzionalità della lib diff tramite esempi progressivi ed eseguibili in Ridgun. Inizieremo con due ricette tabulari di uso quotidiano e poi percorreremo nel dettaglio tutti gli scenari funzionali, le trasformazioni e i casi limite verificati in src/test/ridgun/test diff.rg.
21.3.1. Esempio 1: Flusso principale in stile tabulare con diff
Osserva come in Ridgun i segni = e i passaggi di trasformazione con diff risultino allineati come una tabella pulita, senza variabili mutabili superflue né effetti collaterali nascosti:
import diff
fn :: auditar cambio String String => Int String
auditar cambio antes despues =
diff edit distance antes despues -> dist
diff unified antes despues "config.old" "config.new" -> parche
(dist, parche)
21.3.2. Esempio 2: Composizione sicura e gestione dei casi limite
Ogni funzione della lib diff è progettata per comporsi con le guardie booleane | e con il resto delle 34 lib di ridgun-libs:
import diff
fn :: verificar parche String [DiffEdit] => String
verificar parche orig ops =
diff apply orig ops
21.3.3. Esempio 3: Confronto di testi vuoti e identici: distanza di modifica zero e verifica degli invarianti
In questo esempio pratico esploriamo in modo esaustivo come si comporta diff in questo blocco funzionale, inclusi input standard, combinazioni di parametri e valori di frontiera:
fn :: test diff empty and identical => ()
test diff empty and identical =
nl = char from code 10
e_empty = diff text "" ""
assert int equals (count edits e_empty) 0 "AC1: empty diff edit count"
assert false (diff has changes e_empty) "AC1: empty diff has no changes"
assert int equals (diff edit distance "" "") 0 "AC1: empty edit distance"
assert str eq (diff apply e_empty) "" "AC3: empty diff apply"
same_doc = "alpha" + nl + "beta" + nl + "gamma"
e_same = diff text same_doc same_doc
assert int equals (count edits e_same) 3 "AC1: identical 3-line count"
assert false (diff has changes e_same) "AC1: identical has no changes"
st_same = diff stats e_same
assert int equals (equal_count st_same) 3 "AC1: equal_count == 3"
assert int equals (insert_count st_same) 0 "AC1: insert_count == 0"
assert int equals (delete_count st_same) 0 "AC1: delete_count == 0"
assert int equals (diff edit distance same_doc same_doc) 0 "AC1: identical edit distance == 0"
assert str eq (diff apply e_same) same_doc "AC3: identical diff apply"
()
21.3.4. Esempio 4: Inserimenti puri (DiffInsert), cancellazioni pure (DiffDelete) e applicazione in avanti (diff patch)
In questo esempio pratico esploriamo in modo esaustivo come si comporta diff in questo blocco funzionale, inclusi input standard, combinazioni di parametri e valori di frontiera:
fn :: test diff pure insert and delete => ()
test diff pure insert and delete =
nl = char from code 10
target = "line1" + nl + "line2" + nl + "line3"
e_ins = diff text "" target
assert true (diff has changes e_ins) "AC1: pure insert has changes"
st_ins = diff stats e_ins
assert int equals (equal_count st_ins) 0 "AC1: pure insert equal_count"
assert int equals (insert_count st_ins) 3 "AC1: pure insert insert_count"
assert int equals (delete_count st_ins) 0 "AC1: pure insert delete_count"
assert int equals (diff edit distance "" target) 3 "AC1: pure insert edit distance"
assert str eq (diff apply e_ins) target "AC3: pure insert apply"
ins0 = nth edit e_ins 0
ins2 = nth edit e_ins 2
assert str eq (diff_op ins0) "insert" "AC1: ins0 op"
assert int equals (old_line_no ins0) 0 "AC1: ins0 old_line_no"
assert int equals (new_line_no ins0) 1 "AC1: ins0 new_line_no"
assert int equals (new_line_no ins2) 3 "AC1: ins2 new_line_no"
e_del = diff text target ""
assert true (diff has changes e_del) "AC1: pure delete has changes"
st_del = diff stats e_del
assert int equals (equal_count st_del) 0 "AC1: pure delete equal_count"
assert int equals (insert_count st_del) 0 "AC1: pure delete insert_count"
assert int equals (delete_count st_del) 3 "AC1: pure delete delete_count"
assert int equals (diff edit distance target "") 3 "AC1: pure delete edit distance"
assert str eq (diff apply e_del) "" "AC3: pure delete apply"
del0 = nth edit e_del 0
del2 = nth edit e_del 2
assert str eq (diff_op del0) "delete" "AC1: del0 op"
assert int equals (old_line_no del0) 1 "AC1: del0 old_line_no"
assert int equals (new_line_no del0) 0 "AC1: del0 new_line_no"
assert int equals (old_line_no del2) 3 "AC1: del2 old_line_no"
()
21.3.5. Esempio 5: Il vettore classico di Eugene Myers (ABCABBA $\rightarrow$ CBABAC): sottosequenza comune più lunga (LCS) e distanza minima
In questo esempio pratico esploriamo in modo esaustivo come si comporta diff in questo blocco funzionale, inclusi input standard, combinazioni di parametri e valori di frontiera:
fn :: test diff myers classic vector => ()
test diff myers classic vector =
nl = char from code 10
old_lines = ["A", "B", "C", "A", "B", "B", "A"]
new_lines = ["C", "B", "A", "B", "A", "C"]
edits = diff lines old_lines new_lines
st = diff stats edits
assert int equals (equal_count st) 4 "AC1: Myers LCS length 4"
assert int equals (delete_count st) 3 "AC1: Myers delete count 3"
assert int equals (insert_count st) 2 "AC1: Myers insert count 2"
old_s = "A" + nl + "B" + nl + "C" + nl + "A" + nl + "B" + nl + "B" + nl + "A"
new_s = "C" + nl + "B" + nl + "A" + nl + "B" + nl + "A" + nl + "C"
assert int equals (diff edit distance old_s new_s) 5 "AC1: Myers edit distance 5"
assert str eq (diff apply edits) new_s "AC3: Myers apply reproduces CBABAC"
()
21.3.6. Esempio 6: Ispezione dei numeri di riga sorgente e destinazione (diff old line, diff new line) e ricostruzione esatta con diff patch
In questo esempio pratico esploriamo in modo esaustivo come si comporta diff in questo blocco funzionale, inclusi input standard, combinazioni di parametri e valori di frontiera:
fn :: test diff code hunks and line numbers => ()
test diff code hunks and line numbers =
nl = char from code 10
old_code = "fn :: add Int Int => Int" + nl + " add a b = a + b" + nl + "" + nl + "fn :: sub Int Int => Int" + nl + " sub a b = a - b"
new_code = "fn :: add Int Int => Int" + nl + " add x y = x + y" + nl + "" + nl + "fn :: mul Int Int => Int" + nl + " mul a b = a * b" + nl + "" + nl + "fn :: sub Int Int => Int" + nl + " sub a b = a - b"
edits = diff text old_code new_code
assert true (diff has changes edits) "AC1: code refactoring has changes"
assert str eq (diff apply edits) new_code "AC3: code refactoring lossless apply"
e0 = nth edit edits 0
assert str eq (diff_op e0) "equal" "AC1: line 1 equal"
assert int equals (old_line_no e0) 1 "AC1: line 1 old_line_no"
assert int equals (new_line_no e0) 1 "AC1: line 1 new_line_no"
e1 = nth edit edits 1
assert str eq (diff_op e1) "delete" "AC1: line 2 deleted"
assert str eq (line_text e1) " add a b = a + b" "AC1: deleted line text"
assert int equals (old_line_no e1) 2 "AC1: deleted old_line_no"
assert int equals (new_line_no e1) 0 "AC1: deleted new_line_no"
e2 = nth edit edits 2
assert str eq (diff_op e2) "insert" "AC1: line 2 inserted"
assert str eq (line_text e2) " add x y = x + y" "AC1: inserted line text"
assert int equals (old_line_no e2) 0 "AC1: inserted old_line_no"
assert int equals (new_line_no e2) 2 "AC1: inserted new_line_no"
()
21.3.7. Esempio 7: Generazione di patch unificate in stile GNU (--- old, +++ new, -, +, ) con diff unified e statistiche (kept, deleted, inserted)
In questo esempio pratico esploriamo in modo esaustivo come si comporta diff in questo blocco funzionale, inclusi input standard, combinazioni di parametri e valori di frontiera:
fn :: test diff unified formatting => ()
test diff unified formatting =
nl = char from code 10
old_s = "one" + nl + "two" + nl + "three"
new_s = "one" + nl + "TWO" + nl + "three" + nl + "four"
uni = diff unified "a/sample.txt" "b/sample.txt" old_s new_s
expected = "--- a/sample.txt" + nl + "+++ b/sample.txt" + nl + "@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@" + nl + " one" + nl + "-two" + nl + "+TWO" + nl + " three" + nl + "+four" + nl
assert str eq uni expected "AC2: unified diff output matches standard header and hunk format"
uni_empty = diff unified "a/empty" "b/empty" "" ""
assert str eq uni_empty ("--- a/empty" + nl + "+++ b/empty" + nl + "@@ -0,0 +0,0 @@" + nl) "AC2: unified diff empty files"
()
21.3.8. Esempio 8: Robustezza su file con righe ripetute e blocchi duplicati
In questo esempio pratico esploriamo in modo esaustivo come si comporta diff in questo blocco funzionale, inclusi input standard, combinazioni di parametri e valori di frontiera:
fn :: test diff repetitive lines => ()
test diff repetitive lines =
nl = char from code 10
old_rep = "x" + nl + "x" + nl + "y" + nl + "x" + nl + "x"
new_rep = "x" + nl + "y" + nl + "y" + nl + "x"
edits = diff text old_rep new_rep
st = diff stats edits
assert int equals (equal_count st) 3 "AC1: repetitive LCS equal_count"
assert int equals (delete_count st) 2 "AC1: repetitive LCS delete_count"
assert int equals (insert_count st) 1 "AC1: repetitive LCS insert_count"
assert str eq (diff apply edits) new_rep "AC3: repetitive lines apply"
()
21.4. Sotto il cofano: come è costruita diff in Ridgun puro (src/main/ridgun/lib/diff.rg)
Uno dei maggiori vantaggi di ridgun-libs è che non ci sono scatole nere in C. Puoi aprire src/main/ridgun/lib/diff.rg e leggere esattamente come è implementata ogni operazione usando pattern matching, alberi di guardie | / |. e ricorsione di coda (TCO). Vediamo i pezzi chiave della sua implementazione reale:
21.4.1. Implementazione interna: Internal Helpers
Nota come diff.rg strutturi prima le firme fn :: ... => ... e risolva ogni caso tramite equazioni allineate e chiamate di coda:
module :: diff
fn :: df max Int Int => Int
df max a b =
| a >= b = a
| otherwise = b
fn :: df int to str pos Int => String
df int to str pos n =
| n == 0 = ""
| otherwise = (df int to str pos (n / 10)) + (char from code ((n % 10) + 48))
fn :: df int to str Int => String
df int to str n =
| n == 0 = "0"
| n < 0 = "-" + (df int to str pos (0 - n))
| otherwise = df int to str pos n
fn :: df rev [String] [String] => [String]
df rev [] acc = acc
df rev (x:xs) acc = df rev xs ([x] :: acc)
fn :: df rev ints [Int] [Int] => [Int]
df rev ints [] acc = acc
df rev ints (x:xs) acc = df rev ints xs ([x] :: acc)
fn :: df split lines loop String Int Int Int [String] => [String]
df split lines loop s idx n start acc =
| idx >= n = df rev ([str slice s start n] :: acc) []
| (str char at s idx) == 10 = df split lines loop s (idx + 1) n (idx + 1) ([str slice s start idx] :: acc)
| otherwise = df split lines loop s (idx + 1) n start acc
fn :: df split lines String => [String]
df split lines s =
| (str len s) == 0 = []
| otherwise = df split lines loop s 0 (str len s) 0 []
fn :: df zeros Int [Int] => [Int]
df zeros n acc =
| n <= 0 = acc
| otherwise = df zeros (n - 1) ([0] :: acc)
fn :: df nth int [Int] Int => Int
df nth int [] _ = 0
df nth int (x:xs) idx =
| idx <= 0 = x
| otherwise = df nth int xs (idx - 1)
fn :: df head int [Int] => Int
df head int [] = 0
df head int (x:_) = x
fn :: df cell val String String Int Int Int => Int
df cell val old_line b diag down right_val =
| old_line == b = diag + 1
| otherwise = df max down right_val
fn :: df build row String [String] [Int] Int [Int] => [Int]
df build row _ [] _ _ acc = acc
df build row old_line (b:bs) (diag:next_rest) right_val acc =
cell = df cell val old_line b diag (df head int next_rest) right_val
df build row old_line bs next_rest cell ([cell] :: acc)
df build row _ (_:_) [] _ acc = acc
fn :: df build dp [String] [String] [[Int]] => [[Int]]
df build dp [] _ rows = rows
df build dp (a:as) rev_new (next_row:rest_rows) =
next_rev = df rev ints next_row []
curr_row = df build row a rev_new next_rev 0 [0]
df build dp as rev_new ([curr_row, next_row] :: rest_rows)
df build dp (_:_) _ [] = []
fn :: df tail rows [[Int]] => [[Int]]
df tail rows [] = []
df tail rows (_:rs) = rs
fn :: df head row [[Int]] => [Int]
df head row [] = []
df head row (r:_) = r
fn :: df rev edits [DiffEdit] [DiffEdit] => [DiffEdit]
df rev edits [] acc = acc
df rev edits (e:es) acc = df rev edits es ([e] :: acc)
fn :: df backtrack [String] [String] [[Int]] Int Int Int [DiffEdit] => [DiffEdit]
df backtrack [] [] _ _ _ _ acc = df rev edits acc []
df backtrack [] (b:bs) rows j old_no new_no acc =
ed = DiffEdit "insert" b 0 new_no
df backtrack [] bs rows (j + 1) old_no (new_no + 1) ([ed] :: acc)
df backtrack (a:as) [] rows j old_no new_no acc =
ed = DiffEdit "delete" a old_no 0
df backtrack as [] (df tail rows rows) j (old_no + 1) new_no ([ed] :: acc)
df backtrack (a:as) (b:bs) rows j old_no new_no acc =
df backtrack step a as b bs rows j old_no new_no acc
fn :: df backtrack step String [String] String [String] [[Int]] Int Int Int [DiffEdit] => [DiffEdit]
df backtrack step a as b bs rows j old_no new_no acc =
| a == b =
df backtrack as bs (df tail rows rows) (j + 1) (old_no + 1) (new_no + 1) ([DiffEdit "equal" a old_no new_no] :: acc)
| otherwise =
df backtrack branch a as b bs rows (df tail rows rows) j old_no new_no (df nth int (df head row (df tail rows rows)) j) (df nth int (df head row rows) (j + 1)) acc
fn :: df backtrack branch String [String] String [String] [[Int]] [[Int]] Int Int Int Int Int [DiffEdit] => [DiffEdit]
df backtrack branch a as b bs rows next_rows j old_no new_no del_score ins_score acc =
| del_score >= ins_score =
df backtrack as ([b] :: bs) next_rows j (old_no + 1) new_no ([DiffEdit "delete" a old_no 0] :: acc)
| otherwise =
df backtrack ([a] :: as) bs rows (j + 1) old_no (new_no + 1) ([DiffEdit "insert" b 0 new_no] :: acc)
fn :: df list length [String] => Int
df list length [] = 0
df list length (_:xs) = 1 + (df list length xs)
21.4.2. Implementazione interna: Public API
Nota come diff.rg strutturi prima le firme fn :: ... => ... e risolva ogni caso tramite equazioni allineate e chiamate di coda:
fn :: diff lines [String] [String] => [DiffEdit]
diff lines old_lines new_lines =
old_lines df rev [] -> rev_old
new_lines df rev [] -> rev_new
df zeros ((df list length new_lines) + 1) [] -> zero_row
df build dp rev_old rev_new [zero_row] -> dp_rows
df backtrack old_lines new_lines dp_rows 0 1 1 []
fn :: diff text String String => [DiffEdit]
diff text old_s new_s = diff lines (df split lines old_s) (df split lines new_s)
fn :: df stats loop [DiffEdit] Int Int Int => DiffStats
df stats loop [] eq ins del = DiffStats eq ins del
df stats loop (e:es) eq ins del =
| (diff_op e) == "equal" = df stats loop es (eq + 1) ins del
| (diff_op e) == "insert" = df stats loop es eq (ins + 1) del
| otherwise = df stats loop es eq ins (del + 1)
fn :: diff stats [DiffEdit] => DiffStats
diff stats edits = df stats loop edits 0 0 0
fn :: diff edit distance String String => Int
diff edit distance old_s new_s =
diff text old_s new_s -> diff stats -> st
(insert_count st) + (delete_count st)
fn :: diff has changes [DiffEdit] => Bool
diff has changes [] = False
diff has changes (e:es) =
| (diff_op e) == "equal" = diff has changes es
| otherwise = True
fn :: df format unified lines [DiffEdit] String => String
df format unified lines [] acc = acc
df format unified lines (e:es) acc =
| (diff_op e) == "equal" = df format unified lines es (acc + " " + (line_text e) + (char from code 10))
| (diff_op e) == "delete" = df format unified lines es (acc + "-" + (line_text e) + (char from code 10))
| otherwise = df format unified lines es (acc + "+" + (line_text e) + (char from code 10))
fn :: df hunk start Int => Int
df hunk start cnt =
| cnt == 0 = 0
| otherwise = 1
fn :: df unified header String String Int Int => String
df unified header old_label new_label old_cnt new_cnt =
old_cnt df hunk start -> old_start
new_cnt df hunk start -> new_start
char from code 10 -> nl
"--- " + old_label + nl + "+++ " + new_label + nl + "@@ -" + (df int to str old_start) + "," + (df int to str old_cnt) + " +" + (df int to str new_start) + "," + (df int to str new_cnt) + " @@" + nl
fn :: diff unified String String String String => String
diff unified old_label new_label old_s new_s =
diff text old_s new_s -> edits
edits diff stats -> st
(equal_count st) + (delete_count st) -> old_cnt
(equal_count st) + (insert_count st) -> new_cnt
df unified header old_label new_label old_cnt new_cnt -> hdr
df format unified lines edits hdr
fn :: df apply collect [DiffEdit] [String] => [String]
df apply collect [] acc = df rev acc []
df apply collect (e:es) acc =
| (diff_op e) == "delete" = df apply collect es acc
| otherwise = df apply collect es ([line_text e] :: acc)
fn :: df join lines [String] => String
df join lines [] = ""
df join lines (x:[]) = x
df join lines (x:xs) = x + (char from code 10) + (df join lines xs)
fn :: diff apply [DiffEdit] => String
diff apply edits = df join lines (df apply collect edits [])
21.5. Garanzie algoritmiche, memoria RMM1/RMM2 e le 5 Regole d'Oro di diff
- Garanzia algoritmica e di sicurezza: Identità matematica garantita $diff_edit_distance(a, b) == |a| + |b| - 2 \cdot LCS(a, b)$ e ricostruzione senza perdite
diff apply (diff lines a b) == b. - Complessità dello stack $O(1)$ con TCO: Tutti i cicli ricorsivi in
src/main/ridgun/lib/diff.rgsono in posizione di coda, perciòridguncli compila in salti nativi senza crescita dello stack. - Memoria deterministica (
RMM1/RMM2): Zero pause del garbage collector; tutte le strutture intermedie vengono liberate in modo deterministico all'uscita dallo scope. - Verifica continua: Testata in modo esaustivo con
stable checke la suite automatizzatasrc/test/ridgun/test diff.rg.
Le 5 Regole d'Oro quando programmi con diff
- Dichiara
import diffall'inizio del file e usa le funzioni multi-parola con spazi naturali affinché il tuo codice si legga come prosa. - Allinea le tue pipeline di dati con
=e->: concatena le chiamate adiffin passaggi con nomi chiari e lascia chestable formatallinei le colonne. - Sfrutta le funzioni totali di
diffnelle tue guardie|: controlla i valori di ritorno o destruttura gli ADT con pattern matching invece di dare per scontato che l'input esterno sia sempre valido. - Evita di copiare grandi strutture se devi solo consultare un campo: ricorda che in
RMM2gli argomenti di input sono prestati e non incrementano né decrementano i contatori (+0/-0). - Combina
diffcontest(import test): scrivi sempre asserzioni conassert equalsoassert trueper fissare gli invarianti del tuo dominio.
Nel Capitolo 22 passeremo a esplorare in profondità la lib template (La lib template — Modelli Mustache Sicuri con Auto-Escape HTML e LaTeX).