The uuid Lib — RFC 9562 UUIDv4/UUIDv7, Checksums (CRC-32), and PRNG

27.1. Why Does the uuid Lib Exist? (The Real-World Problem & Ridgun Philosophy)

"Why do I need a uuid lib written from scratch in pure Ridgun instead of just linking a legacy C library?"

That is the first question every systems engineer asks when meeting uuid. And the answer captures the entire philosophy of ridgun-libs:

Let's be honest: using random UUIDv4 values as database primary keys fragments B-Tree indexes, while rolling ad-hoc IDs without kernel CSPRNG entropy leads to collisions.

The uuid lib implements RFC 9562 UUIDv4 (kernel CSPRNG) and time-ordered UUIDv7 (48-bit millisecond prefix for B-Tree locality), fast checksums (FNV-1a, Adler-32, IEEE 802.3 CRC-32), and a deterministic seeded PRNG.

In a traditional ecosystem, solving UUID tasks means pulling in external C dependencies, wrestling with raw pointers, opaque type conversions, unchecked exceptions, or unpredictable garbage-collector pauses. In Ridgun, the uuid lib (src/main/ridgun/lib/uuid.rg) tackles the problem with four non-negotiable principles:

1. Declare import uuid (or import uuid as alias) at the top of your file: every lib defines its module :: uuid namespace, and under --strict multi-word functions are always called with natural spaces.
2. Chain your data pipelines left-to-right with ->: write input step one -> step two -> result, use (+ _ _ +) sequence masks to destructure tuples/lists, and omit _ = on sequential statements (or discard with -> ()).
3. Tail-Call Optimization (TCO): all internal loops in uuid are tail-recursive and compile into native hardware loops using $O(1)$ stack space.
4. Deterministic Memory (RMM1 / RMM2): every intermediate allocation is reclaimed at the exact instruction where its last read finishes, with no Garbage Collector.

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27.2. Native Artifacts, Imports, and Complete uuid API Catalog

In ridgun-libs, uuid is a first-class lib located at src/main/ridgun/lib/uuid.rg (domain UUID). When built with stable bundle, it compiles into three native artifacts:

Artifact	Path	Purpose
Ridgun Bundle	target/bundles/uuid.rglib	Portable distribution and direct import uuid resolution
Compiled Archive	target/uuid.rgc	Type-checked intermediate artifact verified by ridgunc
ELF64 Shared Object	target/libuuid.so	Native dynamic shared library with zero C or libc dependencies

Every lib declares its own namespace via module :: uuid: simply write import uuid (or import uuid as alias) at the top and call its functions with natural spaces (my fn x) and left-to-right -> pipelines (x my fn -> result).

27.2.1. Summary of uuid Functional Families

Signature / Function / Type	Purpose & Usage
uuid v4 / uuid v7 / uuid v7 at	Generate RFC 9562 v4 (random) and v7 (time-ordered) canonical 36-char UUIDs
uuid is valid / uuid version	Validate 8-4-4-4-12 layout and RFC 9562 variant bits (8, 9, a, b)
fnv1a 32 / adler32 / crc32 / crc32 hex	Fast 32-bit non-cryptographic hashes and checksums
prng next / prng range	Pure functional Linear Congruential PRNG for reproducible tests and simulations

27.2.2. Exhaustive Catalog of Types and Signatures in src/main/ridgun/lib/uuid.rg

Below is the complete inventory of algebraic data types (type), mixfix operators (op ::), and function signatures (fn ::) defined in src/main/ridgun/lib/uuid.rg (0 types, 0 operators, and 33 functions):

#	Function / Signature (fn ::)	Return Type
1	fn :: uu hex lut Int	String
2	fn :: uu u32 Int	Int
3	fn :: uu bxor loop Int Int Int Int	Int
4	fn :: uu bxor32 Int Int	Int
5	fn :: uu fnv loop String Int Int Int	Int
6	fn :: fnv1a 32 String	Int
7	fn :: uu adler loop String Int Int Int Int	Int
8	fn :: adler32 String	Int
9	fn :: uu crc bit loop Int Int	Int
10	fn :: uu crc byte loop String Int Int Int	Int
11	fn :: crc32 String	Int
12	fn :: uu abs Int	Int
13	fn :: prng next Int	Int
14	fn :: uu prng range step Int Int Int	Int Int
15	fn :: prng range Int Int Int	Int Int
16	fn :: uu alloc page Int	Int
17	fn :: uu free page Int Int Int	Int
18	fn :: uu alloc mfd	Int
19	fn :: uu peek Int Int Int	String
20	fn :: uu decode u32 le String Int	Int
21	fn :: uu decode u64 le String Int	Int
22	fn :: uu wall time ms	Int
23	fn :: uu bytes to hex loop String Int Int	String
24	fn :: uu random hex16	String
25	fn :: uu hex val Int	Int
26	fn :: uu variant char String	String
27	fn :: uuid v4	String
28	fn :: uu hex48 loop Int Int	String
29	fn :: uuid v7 at Int	String
30	fn :: uuid v7	String
31	fn :: uu is hex range String Int Int	Bool
32	fn :: uuid is valid String	Bool
33	fn :: uuid version String	Int

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27.3. Deep Dive into uuid: Step-by-Step Examples for Every Feature

A signature table alone is never enough: let's explore every capability of the uuid lib through progressive, runnable Ridgun examples. We will start with two everyday tabular recipes and then walk through every functional scenario, transformation, and boundary condition verified in src/test/ridgun/test uuid.rg.

27.3.1. Example 1: Core Tabular Workflow with uuid

Notice how in Ridgun the = signs and transformation steps using uuid align into a clean, scannable table without unnecessary mutable variables or hidden side effects:

import uuid

fn :: generar ids ordenados => String String Bool
      generar ids ordenados =
        1000 uuid v7 at -> id1
        2000 uuid v7 at -> id2
        (uuid is valid id1) and (id1 < id2) -> ok
        (id1, id2, ok)

27.3.2. Example 2: Safe Composition and Boundary Handling

Every function in the uuid lib is designed to compose cleanly with boolean guards | and with the rest of the 32 libs in ridgun-libs:

import uuid

fn :: firmar paquete String => Int Int
      firmar paquete payload =
        payload crc32 -> c32
        payload fnv1a 32 -> fnv
        (c32, fnv)

27.3.3. Example 3: Generation, Validation, and Inspection of UUIDv4 (CSPRNG) and Time-Ordered UUIDv7 (RFC 9562)

In this hands-on walkthrough we thoroughly exercise how uuid behaves across this functional area, covering standard inputs, parameter combinations, and corner cases:

fn :: test uuidv4 and uuidv7 => ()
      test uuidv4 and uuidv7 =
        u4a = uuid v4
        u4b = uuid v4
        assert int equals (str len u4a) 36 "AC1: uuid_v4 length 36"
        assert true (uuid is valid u4a) "AC1: uuid_v4 valid RFC 9562 format"
        assert true (uuid is valid u4b) "AC1: second uuid_v4 valid"
        assert false (u4a == u4b) "AC1: CSPRNG uuid_v4 calls are unique"
        assert int equals (uuid version u4a) 4 "AC1: uuid_v4 version == 4"

        -- RFC 9562 UUIDv7 timestamp encoding & chronological prefix ordering
        u7_zero = uuid v7 at 0
        u7a = uuid v7 at 1700000000000
        u7b = uuid v7 at 1800000000000
        u7_live = uuid v7
        assert true (uuid is valid u7_zero) "AC1: uuid_v7 at epoch 0 valid"
        assert str eq (str slice u7_zero 0 13) "00000000-0000" "AC1: uuid_v7 at epoch 0 zero prefix"
        assert true (uuid is valid u7a) "AC1: uuid_v7 at 1700000000000 valid"
        assert true (uuid is valid u7b) "AC1: uuid_v7 at 1800000000000 valid"
        assert true (uuid is valid u7_live) "AC1: live uuid_v7 valid"
        assert int equals (uuid version u7a) 7 "AC1: uuid_v7 version == 7"
        assert int equals (uuid version u7_live) 7 "AC1: live uuid_v7 version == 7"
        assert str eq (str slice u7a 0 8) "018bcfe5" "AC1: uuid_v7 timestamp prefix 1700000000000"
        assert str eq (str slice u7b 0 8) "01a3185c" "AC1: uuid_v7 timestamp prefix 1800000000000"

        -- Uppercase valid UUID acceptance & RFC 9562 variant nibble (8, 9, a, b) validation
        assert true (uuid is valid "550E8400-E29B-41D4-A716-446655440000") "AC1: uppercase RFC 9562 UUID valid"
        assert false (uuid is valid "") "AC1: empty string invalid"
        assert false (uuid is valid "not-a-uuid") "AC1: short string invalid"
        assert false (uuid is valid "550e8400-e29b-41d4-1716-446655440000") "AC1: variant nibble '1' (< 8) rejected"
        assert false (uuid is valid "550e8400-e29b-41d4-c716-446655440000") "AC1: variant nibble 'c' (> b) rejected"
        assert false (uuid is valid "550e8400Xe29b-41d4-a716-446655440000") "AC1: missing hyphen at index 8 rejected"
        assert false (uuid is valid "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-44665544000g") "AC1: non-hex character 'g' rejected"
        assert int equals (uuid version "not-a-uuid") (0 - 1) "AC1: invalid uuid version -> -1"
        ()

27.3.4. Example 4: FNV-1a, DJB2, Adler-32, IEEE 802.3 CRC32 (0xCBF43926) Checksums, and Deterministic SplitMix64 PRNG

In this hands-on walkthrough we thoroughly exercise how uuid behaves across this functional area, covering standard inputs, parameter combinations, and corner cases:

fn :: test checksums and prng => ()
      test checksums and prng =
        -- Official FNV-1a 32-bit vectors (isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv/)
        assert int equals (fnv1a 32 "") 2166136261 "AC2: FNV-1a 32 '' == 0x811c9dc5 (offset basis)"
        assert int equals (fnv1a 32 "a") 3826002220 "AC2: FNV-1a 32 'a' == 0xe40c292c"
        assert int equals (fnv1a 32 "foobar") 3214735720 "AC2: FNV-1a 32 'foobar' == 0xbf9cf968"

        -- Official RFC 1950 Adler-32 vectors
        assert int equals (adler32 "") 1 "AC2: Adler-32 '' == 1"
        assert int equals (adler32 "a") 6422626 "AC2: Adler-32 'a' == 0x00620062"
        assert int equals (adler32 "Wikipedia") 300286872 "AC2: Adler-32 'Wikipedia' == 0x11e60398"

        -- Official IEEE 802.3 / ISO-HDLC CRC-32 vectors
        assert int equals (crc32 "") 0 "AC2: CRC-32 '' == 0"
        assert int equals (crc32 "a") 3904355907 "AC2: CRC-32 'a' == 0xe8b7be43"
        assert int equals (crc32 "123456789") 3421780262 "AC2: CRC-32 '123456789' == 0xcbf43926"

        -- Deterministic 31-bit LCG PRNG
        s1 = prng next 42
        s2 = prng next 42
        s3 = prng next s1
        assert int equals s1 s2 "AC3: prng_next deterministic for same seed"
        assert false (s1 == s3) "AC3: prng_next advances state"
        r1 = prng range 42 10 20
        v1 = prng val r1
        assert true (v1 >= 10 and v1 <= 20) "AC3: prng_range within [10, 20]"
        r_deg = prng range 42 50 10
        assert int equals (prng val r_deg) 50 "AC3: prng_range with hi <= lo clamps to lo"
        ()

27.3.5. Example 5: Distributed Tracing with Time-Ordered UUIDv7 and Packet Integrity via CRC32 & FNV-1a (uuid v7, uuid v7 timestamp ms, crc32 hex)

In this hands-on walkthrough we thoroughly exercise how uuid behaves across this functional area, covering standard inputs, parameter combinations, and corner cases:

import uuid

fn :: sellar paquete trazado (ahora_ms : Int) (payload : String) => (String, Int, String, Int)
      sellar paquete trazado ahora_ms payload =
        trace_id = uuid v7 ahora_ms
        ts_extra = uuid v7 timestamp ms trace_id
        crc_hex  = crc32 hex payload
        hash_fnv = fnv1a 64 payload
        (trace_id, ts_extra, crc_hex, hash_fnv)

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27.4. Under the Hood: How uuid Is Built in Pure Ridgun (src/main/ridgun/lib/uuid.rg)

One of the biggest advantages of ridgun-libs is that there are no C black boxes. You can open src/main/ridgun/lib/uuid.rg and read exactly how every operation is implemented using pattern matching, | / |. guard trees, and tail-call optimization (TCO). Let's inspect the key building blocks of its real implementation:

27.4.1. Internal Implementation: RFC 9562 UUIDv4 & UUIDv7 Generation & Validation (CSPRNG + clock_gettime)

Observe how uuid.rg declares explicit fn :: ... => ... contracts first and resolves each case through aligned equations and tail calls:

module :: uuid

fn :: uu alloc page Int => Int
      uu alloc page sz  =
        neg1 = 0 - 1
        sys call 9 0 sz 3 34 neg1 0

fn :: uu free page Int Int Int => Int
      uu free page mfd ptr sz =
        sys close mfd -> ()
        sys call 11 ptr sz 0 0 0 0

fn :: uu alloc mfd => Int
      uu alloc mfd =  sys call 319 4194311 1 0 0 0 0

fn :: uu peek Int Int Int => String
      uu peek mfd ptr len =
        sys call 18 mfd ptr len 0 0 0 -> ()
        sys call 8 mfd 0 0 0 0 0 -> ()
        sys read fd mfd len

fn :: uu decode u32 le String Int => Int
      uu decode u32 le s off =
        b0 = str char at s off
        b1 = str char at s (off + 1)
        b2 = str char at s (off + 2)
        b3 = str char at s (off + 3)
        b0 + (b1 * 256) + (b2 * 65536) + (b3 * 16777216)

fn :: uu decode u64 le String Int => Int
      uu decode u64 le s off =
        uu decode u32 le s off -> lo
        uu decode u32 le s (off + 4) -> hi
        lo + (hi * 4294967296)

fn :: uu wall time ms => Int
      uu wall time ms =
        uu alloc page 4096 -> ptr
        uu alloc mfd -> mfd
        sys call 228 0 ptr 0 0 0 0 -> ()
        uu peek mfd ptr 16 -> raw
        uu free page mfd ptr 4096 -> ()
        uu decode u64 le raw 0 -> sec
        uu decode u64 le raw 8 -> nsec
        (sec * 1000) + (nsec / 1000000)

fn :: uu bytes to hex loop String Int Int => String
      uu bytes to hex loop s idx len =
        | idx >= len = ""
        | otherwise =
          b   = ((str char at s idx) % 256 + 256) % 256
          hi  = b / 16
          lo  = b % 16
          tbl = uu hex lut 0
          (str slice tbl hi (hi + 1)) + (str slice tbl lo (lo + 1)) + (uu bytes to hex loop s (idx + 1) len)

fn :: uu random hex16 => String
      uu random hex16 =
        uu alloc page 4096 -> ptr
        uu alloc mfd -> mfd
        sys call 318 ptr 16 0 0 0 0 -> ()
        uu peek mfd ptr 16 -> raw
        uu free page mfd ptr 4096 -> ()
        uu bytes to hex loop raw 0 16

fn :: uu hex val Int => Int
      uu hex val c   =
        | c >= 48 and c <= 57  = c - 48
        | c >= 65 and c <= 70  = (c - 65) + 10
        | c >= 97 and c <= 102 = (c - 97) + 10
        | otherwise            = 0 - 1

fn :: uu variant char String => String
      uu variant char hex1   =
        v   = uu hex val (str char at hex1 0)
        idx = 8 + (v % 4)
        tbl = uu hex lut 0
        str slice tbl idx (idx + 1)

fn :: uuid v4 => String
      uuid v4 =
        h  = uu random hex16
        p1 = str slice h 0 8
        p2 = str slice h 8 12
        p3 = "4" + (str slice h 13 16)
        p4 = (uu variant char (str slice h 16 17)) + (str slice h 17 20)
        p5 = str slice h 20 32
        "{p1}-{p2}-{p3}-{p4}-{p5}"

fn :: uu hex48 loop Int Int => String
      uu hex48 loop val rem =
        | rem <= 0 = ""
        | otherwise =
          nib = ((val % 16) + 16) % 16
          tbl = uu hex lut 0
          (uu hex48 loop (val / 16) (rem - 1)) + (str slice tbl nib (nib + 1))

fn :: uuid v7 at Int   => String
      uuid v7 at ts_ms =
        eff_ts = uu abs ts_ms
        ts_hex = uu hex48 loop eff_ts 12
        h      = uu random hex16
        p1     = str slice ts_hex 0 8
        p2     = str slice ts_hex 8 12
        p3     = "7" + (str slice h 0 3)
        p4     = (uu variant char (str slice h 3 4)) + (str slice h 4 7)
        p5     = str slice h 7 19
        "{p1}-{p2}-{p3}-{p4}-{p5}"

fn :: uuid v7 => String
      uuid v7 =  uuid v7 at (uu wall time ms)

fn :: uu is hex range String Int Int => Bool
      uu is hex range s idx end_idx =
        | idx >= end_idx                       = True
        | (uu hex val (str char at s idx)) < 0 = False
        | otherwise                            = uu is hex range s (idx + 1) end_idx

fn :: uuid is valid String => Bool
      uuid is valid u      =
        | (str len u) != 36               = False
        | (str char at u 8) != 45         = False
        | (str char at u 13) != 45        = False
        | (str char at u 18) != 45        = False
        | (str char at u 23) != 45        = False
        | not (uu is hex range u 0 8)     = False
        | not (uu is hex range u 9 13)    = False
        | not (uu is hex range u 14 18)   = False
        | not (uu is hex range u 19 23)   = False
        | not (uu is hex range u 24 36)   = False
        | otherwise =
          var_nib = uu hex val (str char at u 19)
          (var_nib >= 8) and (var_nib <= 11)

fn :: uuid version String => Int
      uuid version u      =
        | not (uuid is valid u) = 0 - 1
        | otherwise             = uu hex val (str char at u 14)

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27.5. Algorithmic Guarantees, RMM1/RMM2 Memory, and the 5 Golden Rules of uuid

• Algorithmic & Safety Guarantee: uuid v7 at t1 < uuid v7 at t2 guarantees monotonically increasing lexicographical order over time, ideal for btree indexes and databases.
• $O(1)$ Stack Complexity via TCO: Every recursive loop in src/main/ridgun/lib/uuid.rg is in tail position, so ridgunc compiles them into native jumps with zero stack growth.
• Deterministic Memory (RMM1/RMM2): Zero garbage-collector pauses; all intermediate allocations are reclaimed deterministically on scope exit.
• Continuous Verification: Statically checked via stable check and tested by the automated suite in src/test/ridgun/test uuid.rg.

The 5 Golden Rules When Programming with uuid

1. Declare import uuid at the top of your file and take advantage of space/underscore equivalence so your code reads like natural prose.
2. Align your data pipelines with =: chain uuid calls into named intermediate steps and let stable format align the columns.
3. Leverage uuid's total functions inside | guards: inspect return values or unwrap ADTs via pattern matching rather than assuming external input is valid.
4. Avoid cloning large structures when only reading: remember that under RMM2, function input arguments incur zero reference-count overhead (+0 / -0).
5. Pair uuid with test (import test): always lock in your domain invariants with assert equals or assert true.

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In Chapter 28, we will explore the log lib in full depth (The log Lib — Structured NDJSON Logging and Automatic Secret Redaction).